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Case Report

Rifampicin-induced antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive vasculitis: a case report and review of the literature

Guiyi Ji, Xuemei Zeng, Andrew J. Sandford, and Jian-Qing He

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Volume 54 p. 804 - 807

Abstract

International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol. 54 – No. 10/2016 (804-807)

Rifampicin-induced antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive vasculitis: a case report and review of the literature

Guiyi Ji¹*, Xuemei Zeng²*, Andrew J. Sandford³, and Jian-Qing He¹

¹Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, ²Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengfei Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, and ³Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a pauci-immune necrotizing vasculitis that involves small vessels. Herein, we report an extremely rare case of rifampicin (RFP)-induced AAV. A 42-yearold female was transferred to the West China Hospital due to cough with phlegm for 3 months, fever for 1 month, and fatigue for 2 weeks. The patient was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and received anti-TB treatment with isoniazid, RFP, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide (PZA) at her local hospital. After 5 days of anti-TB treatment, her creatinine level rose to 420.2 μmol/L from a normal level prior to anti-TB treatment. Serum proteinase 3 (PR3)-ANCA was positive. After discontinuing the anti-TB drugs and administering protective renal treatment, her renal function improved, whereas PR3-ANCA remained positive. With RFP rechallenge after transfer to our hospital, the patient developed oliguria. Her urine volume increased gradually after RFP was discontinued 3 days later. Therefore, RFPinduced AAV was suspected. Eventually, the patient received prednisone and anti-TB therapy, including isoniazid, ethambutol, PZA, and moxifloxacin. After 2 months, PZA was discontinued. During 6 months of normal, and PR3-ANCA became negative at 4 months. This outcome is characteristic of RFP-induced AAV.

*Contributed equally.Correspondence to:
Jian-Qing He, MD
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
West China Hospital, Sichuan University
Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
Email: [email protected]

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