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Editorial

Introduction to Pharmacotherapy Guidelines for the aged by family doctors for the use of family doctors

L. von Ferber

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Volume 46 p. 597 - 599

Original

Type, scope und quality of drug utilization

L. von Ferber

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Volume 39 p. 471 - 476

Abstract

L. von Ferber

Primary Healthcare Research Unit at the Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
Drug utilization research examines the quantitative and qualitative aspects of drug utilization. These include the medical, social and psychological factors and consequences of drug use in relation to specific patient groups and specific population groups, as well as the population in general (EURO-DURG-Resolution 1997). The present article puts particular emphasis on the methodological aspects and the public health perspectives involved in this branch of research. A major goal of drug utilization research is the improvement of drug therapy as administered by physicians and pharmacists and the assessment of drug use in the population as a whole, encompassing both prescription-based and self-administered medication. In addition, drug utilization research also fulfills an important public health role in a welfare state by monitoring and controlling drug expenditure, by providing data that serve to answer health policy questions and by contributing to the management and planning of public health politics. Drug utilization research makes use of 2 data sources. On the one hand, case-related (prescription-related) mass data (e.g. drug index) or prescriptions and medical records for patient groups held by specific institutions (e.g. IMS data, utilization observations), on the other hand, personal but anonymous prescription information and medical records taken from unselected natural populations (e.g. survey data from statutory health insurance institutions). Comparing drug utilization data for population groups in various regions, both national and international as well as between medical institutions, sociodemographic groups and diagnostic profiles will help to provide information on the medical, economical and social determinants of drug use and provide a base for health policies.Correspondence to:
PD Dr. L. von Ferber; Forschungsgruppe Primärmedizinische Versorgung, Herderstr. 52, 50931 Köln
Email: [email protected]

Original

Development of indicators for assessing the quality of prescribing of lipid-lowering drugs: data from the pharmacotherapeutic quality circles in Hesse, Germany

I. Schubert, I. Köster, P. Ihle and L. von Ferber

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Volume 39 p. 492 - 498

Abstract

I. Schubert, I. Köster, P. Ihle and L. von Ferber

Primary Health Care Research Unit, University of Cologne, Germany
Objective: To develop indicators based on prescription analysis in order to assess adherence using guidelines and to monitor prescribing behavior. Setting and material: Eleven pharmacotherapeutic circles (PTC) of the Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians (KV Hesse; 10 PTCs including 155 GPs as participants, mostly high prescribers; one circle with 11 moderators trained in pharmacology). These provided a total of 183,997 drug prescriptions involving 54,970 patients (prescriptions reimbursed by the substitute fund – Ersatzkassen – II. quarter 2000); claims form from 151 GPs. On average, 5.1% of the patients with prescriptions received lipid-lowering drugs. Method: Development and application of indicators based on the guideline for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia developed by a GP´s guideline group of the quality circles in Hesse (Hausärztliche Leitliniengruppe Hessen). The ratio of prescribing for primary and secondary prevention was chosen as a top indicator for measuring adherence to the guideline. Prescribing for secondary prevention was assessed by a set of special diagnoses. The second indicator relates to patient groups (here: older than 75 years) where the benefit of prescribing is not clear. Further indicators measure the prescribing of first choice drugs, avoidance of risk combinations and cost-conscious prescribing. The indicators are presented in the prescription analysis and will be discussed during the circle meeting. Results: On average, the moderators prescribed 34% of the lipid-lowering drugs for primary prevention, the GP circle participants 36.7%. On average, moderators and GP participants prescribed lipid-lowering drugs for 4.9% and 7.5% of patients older than 75 years, respectively (6% and 22% in primary prevention). Approximately, 28% of all lipid-lowering drugs issued by the participants involved simvastatin and pravastatin as first-choice drugs compared to 36.5% in the case of the moderators. The prescribing of statins with fibrates or macrolides in combination is seldom. Cost-conscious prescribing can be assessed for each GP by the percentage of generic prescribing and the number of different brands per active agent. Both, moderators and participants used generics when prescribing fibrates, bile acid sequestrants or other types of lipid-lowering drugs (moderators 53.8% and GP participants 78.5%). Three months is too short a period for assessing compliance of lipid-lowering drug prescribing. Conclusion: It is possible to derive indicators from the guidelines and to integrate them into prescription analysis. The indicators reveal prescribing problems. The evaluation of PTCs in 2002 will involve the use of indicators as an instrument to assess the success in the implementation of guidelines.Correspondence to:
Dr. I. Schubert; Forschungsgruppe Primärmedizinische Versorgung, Herderstraße 52, D-50931 Köln, Germany
Email: [email protected]

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