Volume 53, No. 12/2015(December)
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Original Research
Elevations of urinary pH may lower vancomycin serum concentration
Yoichi Hiraki, Yasuhiro Tsuji, Naoko Yasumori, Masahisa Nagano, Daisuke Inoue, Hidetoshi Kamimura, Yoshiharu Karube, and Fumio Kawano
Price
42.00 $
Page No. 987
Abstract
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol. 53 – No. 12/2015 (987-996)
Elevations of urinary pH may lower vancomycin serum concentration
Yoichi Hiraki1, Yasuhiro Tsuji4, Naoko Yasumori2, Masahisa Nagano2, Daisuke Inoue2, Hidetoshi Kamimura5, Yoshiharu Karube5, and Fumio Kawano3
1Department of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Beppu Medical Center, Oita, 2Department of Pharmacy, 3Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, 4Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, and 5Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
Objective: This study investigated endogenous factors that may increase the elimination of vancomycin (VCM) in adult methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) patients with pneumonia. Methods: 48 patients (32 men and 16 women) admitted to the National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center for pneumonia due to MRSA were evaluated. VCM (500 – 2,000 mg/dose) was administered intravenously for 60 – 120 min at 8- – 12-h intervals. The dose of VCM prescribed was determined based on the treatment guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and was dependent on a patient’s creatinine clearance. Results: Univariate analysis identified that potassium value (K) (p = 0.081) and urinary pH (p = 0.026) were possibly associated with decreased VCM concentration. Multivariate analysis confirmed that urinary pH was an independent risk factor for VCM clearance (p = 0.029). VCM clearance in patients with a urine pH of 8 was significantly higher (p = 0.032) than in patients with a urinary pH of 5. As urinary pH increased in alkalinity, a greater decrease in VCM concentrations was observed. Conclusions: Elevation of urinary pH promotes the urinary excretion of VCM, likely by promoting the dissociation of the carboxyl group of VCM. Thus, in the clinical setting, urinary pH should be measured and considered when determining dosage, as it may affect the VCM blood concentration.Correspondence to:
Yoichi Hiraki PhD
Department of Pharmacy
National Hospital Organization Beppu Medical Center
1473, Uchikamado, Beppu City, Oita 874-0011, Japan
Email: [email protected]
Original Research
Dealing with the high cost of biological therapies: developing and implementing a biological therapy prioritization protocol for ankylosing spondylitis patients in a tertiary hospital
Joaquín Borrás-Blasco, Elvira Casterá, Xavier Cortes, Juan Martín-Alonso, J. Dolores Rosique-Robles, and F. Javier Abad
Price
42.00 $
Page No. 997
Abstract
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol. 53 – No. 12/2015 (997-1004)
Dealing with the high cost of biological therapies: developing and implementing a biological therapy prioritization protocol for ankylosing spondylitis patients in a tertiary hospital
Joaquín Borrás-Blasco1, Elvira Casterá1, Xavier Cortes2, Juan Martín-Alonso3, J. Dolores Rosique-Robles1, and F. Javier Abad4
1Pharmacy Service, Hospital de Sagunto, Sagunto, 2Internal Medicine Service, Hospital de Sagunto, Sagunto, 3Trial Form Support Spain, Madrid, and 4Hospital Pharmacy, Pharmacy Service, Hospital de Sagunto, Spain
Objective: In January 2011, a biological therapies commission was created in our hospital to fully address the management of biological drugs. A biological therapy prioritization protocol was developed for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. Here, we describe it and report on its economic impact to illustrate how we are optimizing the use of these expensive new drugs. Methods: The biological therapies commission established several procedures for the rational use of biological drugs such as cost-efficiency therapeutic protocols, pharmacovigilance, and therapeutic drug monitoring programs. The AS protocol was based on clinical and economic aspects. We estimated the economic impact of the protocol by comparing the cost of treating AS patients with biological drugs in the pre-commission (2009 – 2010) vs. post-commission period (2011 – 2013). AS patients treated with adalimumab (ADA), etanercept (ETN) or infliximab (IFX) for at least 6 months in the 2009 – 2013 period were included. Results: 107 patients were included. In the pre-commission period, total expenses increased by +30,944 € (+4%). After protocol implementation, total expenses decreased by 11,441 € (–1%) during 2011, and by an additional 36,781 € (–4%) and 53,872 € (–8%) in 2012 and 2013, respectively. In the 2010 – 2013 period the cost of biological therapy per patient-year decreased by 869 €, suggesting the positive effects of the biological therapy prioritization protocol instauration. Conclusion: We describe the establishment of a multidisciplinary biological therapy commission to optimize the use of biological therapies. We illustrate its work in developing a protocol for the management of AS patients with such therapies. We show that after 3-years of implementation, the biological therapy prioritization protocol allowed us to steadily decrease the direct cost of biological drug therapies per patient, up to 869 €.Correspondence to:
Joaquín Borrás-Blasco PharmD, PhD
Pharmacy Department, Hospital de Sagunto
Avda Ramon y Cajal s/n, Sagunto 46520, Valencia, Spain
Email: [email protected]
Original Research
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of dexmedetomidine in elderly patients during spinal anesthesia
Yun Kuang, Ran-ran Zhang, Qi Pei, Hong-yi Tan, Cheng-Xian Guo, Jie Huang, Yu-xia Xiang, Wen Ouyang, Kai-ming Duan, Sai-ying Wang, and Guo-Ping Yang
Price
42.00 $
Page No. 1005
Abstract
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol. 53 – No. 12/2015 (1005-1014)
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of dexmedetomidine in elderly patients during spinal anesthesia
Yun Kuang1,2*, Ran-ran Zhang1*, Qi Pei1, Hong-yi Tan1, Cheng-Xian Guo1, Jie Huang1, Yu-xia Xiang1, Wen Ouyang3, Kai-ming Duan3, Sai-ying Wang3, and Guo-Ping Yang1
1Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Third Xiangya Hospital, 2School of Pharmaceutical Science, and 3Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
Objective: The application of dexmedetomidine in patient sedation is generally accepted, though its clinical application is limited because of the lack of information detailing the specific properties among diverse populations of patients. The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of dexmedetomidine between elderly and young patients during spinal anesthesia. Methods: 34 subjects (elderly group: n = 15; young group: n = 19) with spinal anesthesia were enrolled in the present study following the inclusion/exclusion criteria detailed below. All subjects received intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine with a loading dose of 0.5 µg×kg–1 for 10 minutes and a maintenance dose of 0.5 µg×kg–1×h–1 for 50 minutes. Plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine were detected by the HPLC-MS/MS method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using WinNolin software. Results: There was no significant difference between the elderly and young subjects in major pharmacokinetic parameters. There was a marked gender difference in the Cmax (peak plasma concentration) and tmax (time to reach Cmax) between genders in elderly subjects, though in this cohort the other pharmacokinetic parameters were not significantly different. In the young subjects there were no noteworthy variations between genders in pharmacokinetic parameters. There was no significant difference between the two groups in BISAUC0–t (the area under the bispectral index-time curve from time 0 to t hours), BISmin (the minimum value of the bispectral index after drug delivery), and or tmin–BIS (bispectral index for the minimum value of time). SBP (systolic blood pressure), DBP (diastolic blood pressure), HR (heart rate), and SpO2 (pulse oxygen saturation) developed substantive differences in a time-dependent manner, but there were no statistically significant differences in these four indicators in the time*group at three time points (1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours after drug administration); while SBP was significantly different between the groups, this differential declined in a time-dependent manner, and there were no significant attendant differences in the D-value. The observed values and D-values of DBP and HR were similar in the groups, but the observed value and D-value of SpO2 did differ. There were 14 drug-related adverse events in the young group, and 26 drug-related adverse events in the elderly group, a 46% differential. The percentage of patients who requiring intervention during surgery was 68.75% (11/16) in the elderly group and 36.84% (7/19) in the young group, with no significant difference between the two groups once age was factored in (p = 0.06). None of the pharmacodynamic indices, however, correlated with the key pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, AUC(0→t), AUC(0→∞)) of dexmedetomidine. Conclusions: The clearance of dexmedetomidine in elderly patients showed a declining trend compared to young patients. Interventions in the elderly group were more frequent than in the young group, and the elderly group showed significant adverse effects. It is suggested that elderly patients who use dexmedetomidine may benefit from a different dose. However, further research with a larger population size is required to confirm these findings.
*These authors contributed equally to this work.Correspondence to:
Prof. Guo-Ping Yang, PhD
Center of Clinical Pharmacology
the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
Email: [email protected]
Appendix
Characterization of the relationship between dose and blood eosinophil response following subcutaneous administration of mepolizumab
Isabelle J. Pouliquen, Oliver Kornmann, Sharon V. Barton, Jeffrey A. Price, and Hector G. Ortega
Page No. 1015
Abstract
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol. 53 – No. 12/2015 (1015-1027)
Characterization of the relationship between dose and blood eosinophil response following subcutaneous administration of mepolizumab
Isabelle J. Pouliquen1, Oliver Kornmann2, Sharon V. Barton3, Jeffrey A. Price,4 and Hector G. Ortega5
1Clinical Pharmacology Modeling and Simulation, GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, UK, 2IKF Pneumologie Frankfurt, Clinical Research Centre Respiratory Diseases, Frankfurt, Germany, 3Clinical Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, 4Clinical Unit Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, UK, and 5Respiratory Therapeutic Area Unit, Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
Supplemental materialCorrespondence to:
Isabelle Pouliquen, PharmD
GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West
Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB11 1BT, UK
Email: [email protected]
Case Report
Treatment of a patient with severe hemorrhagic fever accompanied by infection with methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, aspergillus and mucor: a case report
Di Zhang, Xue Wang, Jing Lv, and Yalin Dong
Price
42.00 $
Page No. 1028
Abstract
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol. 53 – No. 12/2015 (1028-1034)
Treatment of a patient with severe hemorrhagic fever accompanied by infection with methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, aspergillus and mucor: a case report
Di Zhang1, Xue Wang2, Jing Lv3, and Yalin Dong1
1Department of Pharmacy, 2Central Intensive Care Unit, and 3Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
A 40-year-old Korean man developed hemorrhagic fever in Xi’an, which is one of the main endemic areas for this illness in China. According to the local epidemiological situation, his condition could have been due to hantavirus infection, but this was not confirmed. He presented with the typical symptoms of hemorrhagic fever and rapidly progressed to a severe multisystem illness. The clinical situation deteriorated rapidly after admission, and he became coinfected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, aspergillus, and mucor. The patient was successfully treated with appropriate fluid infusion, hemodynamic support, continuous renal replacement therapy, liver protectants, and antibacterials. This case indicates that the choice of antimicrobials and the required dose are crucial issues, and that the vaccination campaign for hemorrhagic fever in Xi’an needs greater attention.Correspondence to:
Yalin Dong, PhD
Department of Pharmacy
the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
Xi’an 710061, China
Email: [email protected]
Letter to the Editor
Rebamipide as a novel addition to the antivitiligo ordnance
Amir Feily, Sima Rasaii, and Mohammad Ali Nilforoushzadeh
Page No. 1035
Abstract
Intern. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol. 53 – No. 12/2015 – Letter to the editor
Rebamipide as a novel addition to the antivitiligo ordnance
Amir Feily1, Sima Rasaii2, and Mohammad Ali Nilforoushzadeh1
1Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, and 2Department of Dermatology, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvoz, Iran
Correspondence to:
Mohammed Ali Nilforoushzadeh
Skin and Stamcell Research Center Tehran
University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
Email: [email protected]
CESAR Communications: Annual Meeting of CESAR in Bonn, Germany June 26 – 28, 2014
Editorial
Ulrich Jaehde, Gerd Bendas, Daniel Sehrt, and Joachim von Pawel
Page No. 1037
Abstract
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol. 53 – No. 12/2015 (1037)
Editorial
Ulrich Jaehde, Gerd Bendas, Daniel Sehrt, and Joachim von Pawel
Extended Abstract
GRP78 knockdown does not affect cytotoxicity of cisplatin in ovarian cancer cells
Maximilian Kullmann, Sandra Kotz, Malte Hellwig, Ganna V. Kalayda, Sabine Metzger, and Ulrich Jaehde
Page No. 1038
Abstract
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol. 53 – No. 12/2015 (1038-1040)
GRP78 knockdown does not affect cytotoxicity of cisplatin in ovarian cancer cells
Maximilian Kullmann1, Sandra Kotz2, Malte Hellwig1, Ganna V. Kalayda1, Sabine Metzger2, and Ulrich Jaehde1
1Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, and 2Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Correspondence to:
Prof. Dr. U. Jaehde
Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy
University of Bonn
An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
Email: [email protected]
Extended Abstract
Relevance of subcellular localization of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) for cisplatin resistance
Shahana Dilruba, Martin Michaelis, Jindrich Cinatl jr., and Ganna V. Kalayda
Page No. 1041
Abstract
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol. 53 – No. 12/2015 (1041-1045)
Relevance of subcellular localization of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) for cisplatin resistance
Shahana Dilruba1, Martin Michaelis2, Jindrich Cinatl jr.3, and Ganna V. Kalayda1
1Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Germany, 2Centre for Molecular Processing and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK, and 3Institute of Medical Virology, Clinics of the Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Correspondence to:
Dr. Ganna V. Kalayda
Institute of Pharmacy
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn
An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
Email: [email protected]
Extended Abstract
Inhibition of chemokine receptor CCR2 reduces sarcoma cell transendothelial migration and metastasis to the lungs
Martin Schlesinger, Reiner Zeisig, Katrin Ortmann, Manuela Calin, Ursula Gerber, Marko Roblek, Lubor Borsig, and Gerd Bendas
Page No. 1046
Abstract
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol. 53 – No. 12/2015 (1046-1048)
Inhibition of chemokine receptor CCR2 reduces sarcoma cell transendothelial migration and metastasis to the lungs
Martin Schlesinger1*, Reiner Zeisig2*, Katrin Ortmann1, Manuela Calin3, Ursula Gerber1, Marko Roblek4, Lubor Borsig4, and Gerd Bendas1
1Department of Pharmacy, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, 2Experimental Pharmacology & Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH, Berlin, Germany, 3Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania, and 4Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Correspondence to:
Dr. Martin Schlesinger
Department of Pharmacy
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn
An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
Email: [email protected]
Extended Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine attenuates melanoma cell adhesion and migration dependent on the degree of fatty acid saturation
Thomas Ross, Sebastian Heuter, Martin Schlesinger, Bastian Jakubzig, Anna Raynor, Ulrich Massing, and Gerd Bendas
Page No. 1049
Abstract
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol. 53 – No. 12/2015 (1049-1051)
Lysophosphatidylcholine attenuates melanoma cell adhesion and migration dependent on the degree of fatty acid saturation
Thomas Ross1, Sebastian Heuter1, Martin Schlesinger1, Bastian Jakubzig1, Anna Raynor2, Ulrich Massing2, and Gerd Bendas1
1Department of Pharmacy, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, and 2Andreas Hettich GmbH&CoKG, Department F&E Life Science Applications, Freiburg, Germany
Correspondence to:
Thomas Ross
Department of Pharmacy
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn
An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
Email: [email protected]
Extended Abstract
Novel 4-anilino-α-carboline derivatives induce cell death in nonadhesive breast cancer cells through inhibition of Brk activity
Markus Oelze, Kazem Ahmed Mahmoud, Wolfgang Sippl, Tom Wersig, Andreas Hilgeroth, and Christoph A. Ritter
Page No. 1052
Abstract
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol. 53 – No. 12/2015 (1052-1055)
Novel 4-anilino-α-carboline derivatives induce cell death in nonadhesive breast cancer cells through inhibition of Brk activity
Markus Oelze1, Kazem Ahmed Mahmoud2, Wolfgang Sippl2, Tom Wersig2, Andreas Hilgeroth2, and Christoph A. Ritter1
1Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Greifswald, and 2Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
Correspondence to:
Prof. Dr. Christoph A. Ritter
Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald
Institut für Pharmazie, Klinische Pharmazie
Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489 Greifswald, Gemany
Email: [email protected]
Extended Abstract
Gene regulatory biomarker identification for skin toxicities induced by EGFR inhibitor treatment
Vivien Hichert, Michael Steffens, Tanusree Paul, Catharina Scholl, Sumit Parmar, Stefan Rüdiger, Christian Schumann, Thomas Seufferlein, and Julia C. Stingl
Page No. 1056
Abstract
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol. 53 – No. 12/2015 (1056-1058)
Gene regulatory biomarker identification for skin toxicities induced by EGFR inhibitor treatment
Vivien Hichert1, Michael Steffens1, Tanusree Paul2, Catharina Scholl3,4, Sumit Parmar2, Stefan Rüdiger3, Christian Schumann5, Thomas Seufferlein5, and Julia C. Stingl1,2
Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Research Division, Bonn, Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Pneumology, Thoracic Oncology, Sleep- and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Clinics Kempten-Oberallgäu, Kempten, and Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm, and 4Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
1Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Research Division, Bonn, 2Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, 3Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, 4Pneumology, Thoracic Oncology, Sleep- and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Clinics Kempten-Oberallgäu, Kempten, and 5Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm, and 4Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, GermanyCorrespondence to:
Prof. Dr. Julia Stingl
Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte
Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
Email: [email protected]
Extended Abstract
Apoptosis-related biomarkers in patients with gynecological cancer
Natalie Hermann, Katja Dressen, Lars Schroeder, Manuel Debald, Mignon Keyver-Paik, Alina Abramian, Gisela Walgenbach-Bruenagel, Frank A. Schildberg, Karina Hettwer, Steffen Uhlig, Walter Kuhn, and Stefan Holdenrieder
Page No. 1059
Abstract
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol. 53 – No. 12/2015 (1059-1061)
Apoptosis-related biomarkers in patients with gynecological cancer
Natalie Hermann1, Katja Dressen1, Lars Schroeder2,4, Manuel Debald2,4, Mignon Keyver-Paik2,4, Alina Abramian2,4, Gisela Walgenbach-Bruenagel1,4, Frank A. Schildberg3, Karina Hettwer5,6, Steffen Uhlig5,6, Walter Kuhn2,4, and Stefan Holdenrieder1,4,6
1Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, 2Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 3Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, 4Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne/Bonn, 5QuoData Statistics, Dresden, and 6Joint Research and Services Center for Biomarker Evaluation in Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Correspondence to:
Stefan Holdenrieder, MD
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology
University Hospital Bonn
Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
Email: [email protected]
Extended Abstract
Apoptosis-related biomarkers in patients with gastrointestinal cancer
Katja Dressen, Natalie Hermann, Steffen Manekeller, Gisela Walgenbach- Bruenagel, Frank A. Schildberg, Karina Hettwer, Steffen Uhlig, Jörg C. Kalff, and Stefan Holdenrieder
Page No. 1062
Abstract
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol. 53 – No. 12/2015 (1062-1064)
Apoptosis-related biomarkers in patients with gastrointestinal cancer
Katja Dressen1, Natalie Hermann1, Steffen Manekeller2,4, Gisela Walgenbach- Bruenagel2,4, Frank A. Schildberg3, Karina Hettwer5,6, Steffen Uhlig5,6, Jörg C. Kalff2,4, and Stefan Holdenrieder1,4,6
1Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, 2Department of Surgery, 3Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, 4Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Köln/Bonn, 5QuoData Statistics, Dresden, and 6Joint Research and Services Center for Biomarker Evaluation in Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Correspondence to:
Stefan Holdenrieder, MD
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology
University Hospital Bonn
Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
Email: [email protected]
