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Int. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Volume 49 - June (382 - 387)

Tardive dyskinesia in the treatment of schizophrenia: the findings of the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Pattern (REAP) survey (2001 – 2009)
Y.-T. Xiang1,2, C.-Y. Wang2, T.-M. Si3, E.H.M. Lee1, Y.-L. He4, G.S. Ungvari5, H.F.K. Chiu1, S.-Y. Yang6, M.-Y. Chong7, C.-H. Tan8, E.-H. Kua8, S. Fujii9, K. Sim10, K.H. Yong10, J.K. Trivedi11, E.-K. Chung12, P. Udomratn13, K.-Y. Chee14, N. Sartorius15 an
1 Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 2 Beijing
Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, 3 Institute of Mental Health, Peking University,
Beijing, 4 Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China, 5 The University of
Notre Dame Australia/Marian Center, Perth, Australia, 6 Taipei City Hospital, Taipei,
7 Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and School of Medicine, Chang Gung
University, Taiwan, 8 National University of Singapore, Singapore, 9 Hyogo Institute for
Traumatic Stress (HITS), Kobe, Japan, 1  0 Institute of Mental Health, Bangkok View,
Singapore, 1  1 Department of Psychiatry, C.S.M. Medical University UP (erstwhile K.G.
Medical University) Lucknow, India, 1  2 National Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea,
1  3 Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, 1  4 Department of Psychiatry and
Mental Health, Tunku Abdul Rahman Institute of Neuroscience, Kuala Lumpur Hospital,
Malaysia, 1  5 University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, and 1  6 School of Human
Sciences, Seinan Gakuin University Fukuoka, Japan

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DOI 10.5414/CP201505

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to survey the frequency of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in patients with schizophrenia and its demographic and clinical correlates in selected Asian countries. Method: A total of 6,761 hospitalized schizophrenia patients in nine Asian countries and territories were examined from 2001 to 2009. TD was evaluated as “present” or “absent” according to the clinical judgment of experienced psychiatrists. The patients’ socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and the prescriptions of psychotropic drugs were recorded using a standardized protocol and data collection procedure. Results: The frequency of TD in the whole sample was 5.0% with wide variations between countries (0 – 14.9%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the following variables were independently associated with TD: study time, study site, older age, male gender, more severe negative and extrapyramidal symptoms and less anticholinergic drugs. Conclusions: A generally low frequency of TD in Asian schizophrenia patients with inter-ethnic variations was recorded. It is unclear whether the low prevalence of TD compared with Western data is real or the result of it being insufficiently recognized.

Author Details

Authors

Departments

  • 1 Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
  • 2 Beijing
    Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University,
  • 3 Institute of Mental Health, Peking University,
    Beijing,
  • 4 Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China,
  • 5 The University of
    Notre Dame Australia/Marian Center, Perth, Australia,
  • 6 Taipei City Hospital, Taipei,
  • 7 Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and School of Medicine, Chang Gung
    University, Taiwan,
  • 8 National University of Singapore, Singapore,
  • 9 Hyogo Institute for
    Traumatic Stress (HITS), Kobe, Japan,
  • 1 
  • 0 Institute of Mental Health, Bangkok View,
    Singapore,
  • 1 
  • 1 Department of Psychiatry, C.S.M. Medical University UP (erstwhile K.G.
    Medical University) Lucknow, India,
  • 1 
  • 2 National Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea,
  • 1 
  • 3 Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand,
  • 1 
  • 4 Department of Psychiatry and
    Mental Health, Tunku Abdul Rahman Institute of Neuroscience, Kuala Lumpur Hospital,
    Malaysia,
  • 1 
  • 5 University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, and
  • 1 
  • 6 School of Human
    Sciences, Seinan Gakuin University Fukuoka, Japan

Address

Dr. Yu-Tao Xiang
Department of Psychiatry
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Ground Floor, Multicentre
Tai Po Hospital
Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong
Email: [email protected]

Citation

Y.-T. Xiang, C.-Y. Wang, T.-M. Si, E.H.M. Lee, Y.-L. He, G.S. Ungvari, H.F.K. Chiu, S.-Y. Yang, M.-Y. Chong, C.-H. Tan, E.-H. Kua, S. Fujii, K. Sim, K.H. Yong, J.K. Trivedi, E.-K. Chung, P. Udomratn, K.-Y. Chee, N. Sartorius and N. Shinfuku.Tardive dyskinesia in the treatment of schizophrenia: the findings of the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Pattern (REAP) survey (2001 – 2009). 2011; 49: 382-387. doi: 10.5414/CP201505.

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