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Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 29 – No. 1/2012 (1-5)

Copper, zinc, calcium and magnesium profiles in subjects with autistic disorder according to their functioning level

Neomar Semprún-Hernández¹, Ana Paula Bohórquez-Visier¹, Alfonso Bravo Henríquez ², Rogelio Colmenares Bohórquez¹, Fernando Hernández Medina¹, Eduard Maury-Sintjago² and Nola Montiel Ocando¹

¹Laboratorio de Métodos Inmunológicos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, and ²Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo en Nutrición, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia. Maracaibo, Venezuela
Either an excess or a deficiency of minerals have been involved in the etiology of autistic disorder. The objective of this study was to determine serum concentration and dietary intake of these elements in 30 subjects with autistic disorder classified according to their functioning level and 20 control subjects. We detected statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) related to high levels of Cu and low levels of Mg in subjects with autistic disorder compared to control group. Cooper serum level in subjects with high-functioning autism was higher than the control group and subgroups of subjects with this disorder. Concluding, results point to a possible imbalance in cooper homeostasis in this disorder as well as a physiological regulation of cooper in subjects with highfunctioning autism, which could be influencing the expression of low symptoms in this subgroup of subject.Correspondence to:
Neomar Semprún-Hernández, MSc
Laboratorio de Métodos Inmunológicos
Departamento de Biología
Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
Email: neomar.semprun@gmail.com

Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 29 – No. 1/2012 (7-14)

Magnesium supplementation effect on magnesium absorption during prolonged hypokinesia in rats

Yan G. Zorbas¹, Viktor A. Deogenov², Maxim A. Fedorov² and Yuri F. Federenko¹

¹Hypokinetic Biochemistry Laboratory, and ²European Foundation of Environmental Sciences, Athens, Greece
Objective: During hypokinesia (HK) and electrolyte supplementation occurs electrolyte deficiency, yet the mechanisms of electrolyte deficiency during HK and electrolyte supplementation remain poorly understood. Changes in electrolyte deposition may be involved. To determine the effect of magnesium (Mg²⁺) supplementation and HK on Mg²⁺ absorption we measured tissue Mg²⁺ content and Mg²⁺ losses. Methods: Studies were conducted on male Wistar rats during a pre-experimental period of 9 days and an experimental period of 98 days. Animals were equally divided into 4 groups: unsupplemented control rats (UCR), unsupplemented experimental rats (UER), supplemented control rats (SCR) and supplemented experimental rats (SER). Results: Gastrocnemius muscle and right femur bone Mg²⁺ content decreased, and plasma Mg²⁺ concentration and urine and fecal Mg²⁺ losses increased (p < 0.05) in the UER and SER compared with their pre-experimental values and the values in their respective control groups (UCR and SCR). However, muscle and bone Mg²⁺ content decreased more, while plasma Mg²⁺ level and urine and fecal Mg²⁺ losses increased more (p < 0.05) in the SER than in UER. Conclusion: The current study indicates that tissue Mg²⁺ level decreases more with than without Mg²⁺ supplementation showing that during HK Mg²⁺ supplementation does not improve tissue Mg²⁺.Correspondence to:
Yan G. Zorbas, MD
European Foundation of Environmental Sciences
Odos Agias Sophias 81
162 32 Athens, Greece
Email: yzorbas@gmail.com

Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 29 – No. 1/2012 (15-21)

Ingesting iron together with white tea (Camellia Sinensis) may decrease its antioxidant capacity and phenolic content in human plasma

Dionysia Karabela¹, Antonios E. Koutelidakis¹, Charalambos Proestos², Michael Komaitis¹ and Maria Kapsokefalou¹

¹Unit of Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, and ²Food Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
It was hypothesized that ironpolyphenol chelates formed in the lumen or in the food matrix are poorly absorbed, thus tea bioactivity may be affected when iron is ingested together with tea. Ten women, aged 25 – 55 years, received white tea infusion or a mixture of white tea infusion and iron lactate in a randomized cross over design. Blood samples were drawn before the administration of and 30, 60 and 90 min after the consumption of the test drinks. White tea increased the antioxidant capacity measured with Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay (FRAP) and the phenolic content of plasma measured with total catechin and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) assays (p < 0.0001) in a time dependent way (p < 0.0001) but in the presence of iron the increase was lower (p = 0.0057). These results suggest that iron may modify the antioxidant properties of tea polyphenols and are in support of the hypothesis.Correspondence to:
Maria Kapsokefalou
Unit of Human Nutrition
Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Analysis
Department of Food Science and Technology
Agricultural University of Athens
Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
Email: kapsok@aua.gr

Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 29 – No. 1/2012 (22-27)

Determination of trace elements in human hair: optimization of washing procedure with a product of traditional pharmacopeia in Morocco “Rhassoul”

Sana El Fadeli, Mokhtar Chaik, Alain Pineau, Nadra Lekouch and Azeddine Sedki

¹Laboratoire d’Hydrobiologie, Ecotoxicologie et Assainissement, Marrakech, Morocco, and ²Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d’hygiène industrielle, Nantes, France
Hair analysis is an accurate, low cost and non-invasive method of determining the level of essential mineral elements (Cu, Mn, Zn and Pb), as well as toxic burden. Because hair is also susceptible to external contamination from the environment, hair should be washed before analysis. Having done so, sruface contgaminatin would be removed before starting the analysis. The core objective of this study was testing the effectiveness and aggressiveness of three washing procedures on the hair. This testing aimed at comparing the degree of removing the external trace elements caused by environment from the hair. The conclusion that was drawn from this discussion was that combining the two procedures (natural and chemical), may have effective results concerning eliminating the external trace elements and saving the hair from aggressiveness. The finally adopted procedure removed effectively all external contaminants, without being too aggressive on the hair. This procedure did not remove the elements incorporated into the hair matrix, as this fraction alone reflects the accumulation of trace elements in the organism.Correspondence to:
Sana El Fadeli
Laboratoire d’Hydrobiologie, Ecotoxicologie et
Assainissement
Bd. Moulay Abdellah BP 2390
40001 Marrakech, Morocco
Email: s.elfadeli@yahoo.fr

Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 29 – No. 1/2012 (28-33)

Urine and saliva iodine levels in patients with dental caries and normal healthy volunteers

Mine Gulaboglu¹, Hayati Murat Akgul², Nilgün Akgul³ and Meltem Cetin⁴

¹Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, ²Department of Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, ³Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, and ⁴Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
The aim of this study was to investigate the iodine concentration in the urine and saliva of patients with dental caries and of healthy volunteers in Erzurum, Turkey. Urine and saliva specimens were obtained from 29 patients, who have dental caries and from 26 healthy volunteers. The iodine concentration in the urine of patient’s with dental caries was found to be 7.50 ± 2.68 µg/ dl, which was lower than the urinary iodine level of healthy persons, which was found to be 12.02 ± 3.16 µg/dl (p < 0.0001). Similarly, the saliva iodine level of patients with dental caries was lower than that of healthy volunteers, beeing 4.42 ± 2.21 µg/dl, 8.28 ± 2.78 µg/dl, respectively (p < 0.0001). There was a positive correlation between urinary iodine level and saliva iodine level in both groups (r = 0.750, p < 0.001; r = 0.519, p < 0.001). There was, however, no significant difference in iodine levels of urine and saliva between males and females for both groups of subjects. A positive correlation between iodine levels in urine and saliva of patients and healthy volunteers was also observed. Our results suggest that iodine concentration in urine and saliva might be an indication for dental cavity, where iodine supplementation could be considered as a way of prophylaxis.Correspondence to:
Mine Gulaboglu, PhD
Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of
Pharmacy, Ataturk
University, 25240
Erzurum, Turkey
Email: gulaboglumine@yahoo.com

Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 29 – No. 1/2012 (34-41)

Selenium intakes and serum levels of healthy residents in Jinan, China

Ning Li and Xibao Gao

¹College of Health Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, and ²School of Public Health of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR of China
Objective: To investigate the dietary selenium (Se) intake of Jinan residents; to study the selenium concentrations and the relationships between serum selenium level and sex and age, and discuss the serum reference values of selenium of healthy people in Jinan, China. Methods: Investigation of the dietary Se intake and subjects’ individual behavior was performed by filling in 7 days dietary intake questionnaire and individual behavior questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from our subjects in 3 different towns of Jinan Shandong province. Then the hydrogenation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) was applied to detect the concentrations of serum Se after the samples were digested by microwave.SPSS11.5 was used to analyze the data. Results: The Se dietary intake of Jinan residents was 55.93 μg/d and the selenium intake of males (66.98 μg/d) was higher than that of females (49.57 μg/d). Selenium intake level was not influenced by age. The serum reference Se value of an adult was 31.72 – 82.26 μg/l. The serum selenium level of males was higher than that of females, and the serum selenium level was increased a bit with age. Selenium level was increased a bit along with the sleep hours. Conclusion: The reference value of serum Se of healthy people in Jinan was 31.72 – 82.26 μg/l, and the dietary intake of Se and serum Se level of Jinan residents were lower than other internal or abroad regions. This suggests that Jinan residents should take more Se-enriched foods or foods rich in Se.Correspondence to:
Xibao Gao, PhD
School of Public Health of Shandong University
Jinan Shandong 250012, P.R of China
Email: chem@sdu.edu.cn

Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 29 – No. 1/2012 (42-47)

Bioaccumulation of Zn, Mn and Mo in healthy and cancerous mammary glands in dogs

Ewa M. Skibniewska¹, Tadeusz Kośla¹ and Mihal Skibniewski²

¹Department of Biology of Animal Environment, and ²Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
The performed investigations aimed at finding the dependences between Zn, Mn and Mo in healthy, not showing any pathological lesions, mammary glands in bitches and in mammary gland neoplastic tumors of bitches in order to confirm an existing hypothesis which suggests that neoplastic tissues cumulate higher amounts of some elements as compared to tissues being at the state of homeostasis. The research material comprised of mammary gland tumors obtained from bitches collected during routine surgical procedures and mammary glands obtained during post mortem examination from bitches which comprised the control group. Due to great morphological variability of the bitch mammary gland tumors, the investigations were performed on certain groups of neoplasms of the epithelial origin (carcinomas and adenocarcinomas) which were separated on the basis of histopathological examinations. In the control group a lower content of particular elements was observed as compared to tissues undergoing the neoplastic process. There were also highly significant differences observed (p ≤ 0.01) between the investigated groups. The performed analyses show that in the case of neoplastic tissues a higher content of zinc and molybdenum was observed in the group of carcinomas and a lower content in the group of adenocarcinomas. In the case of manganese the dependence was reversed.Correspondence to:
Dr. Ewa M. Skibniewska
Department of Biology of Animal Environment
Faculty of Animal Sciences
Warsaw Universtity of Life Sciences
Ciszewskiego Street 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
Email: ewa_skibniewska@sggw.pl

Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 29 – No. 1/2012 (48-53)

Gender-related differences in urinary excretion of magnesium in adolescents receiving valproate

Jurgita Grikiniene¹, Donatas Stakisaitis²,³, Rimas Jonas Jankunas⁴, Saule Uleckiene² and Birute Obeleniene⁵

¹Clinic of Children Diseases, Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University, ³Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, ⁴Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, and ⁵Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
Background: Valproates (VPA) are known to increase diuresis and urinary excretion of sodium and chloride in both genders of rats. Magnesiuretic effect of VPA was investigated in rats. Several tests have shown gender-related differences in ion transport across cell membrane and their urinary excretion. Aim of the study: To find peculiarities of urinary magnesium (Mg²⁺) excretion in epileptic adolescents receiving VPA and to elucidate gender-related differences. Materials and methods: We monitored 24-h urinary levels of Mg²⁺ and creatinine as well pH in 47 epileptic adolescents receiving VPA and 95 controls. Results: Diurnal, nocturnal and 24-h urinary Mg²⁺ excretion in VPA-treated epileptic girls was significantly higher than in controls. Nocturnal diuresis in VPA-treated epileptic girls was significantly higher than in controls. Such differences were not found in epileptic boys receiving VPA. Conclusion: VPA may precipitate disturbance of Mg²⁺ homeostasis. VPA-induced disturbance of Mg²⁺ homeostasis may be gender-related.Correspondence to:
Donatas Stakisaitis, MD, PhD, HabilD
Institute of Oncology
Vilnius University
Santariskiu Str. 1
08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
Email: donatasstakisaitis@vvkt.lt

Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 29 – No. 1/2012 (54-58)

The effects of cadmium on zinc and copper in rat kidney and metallothionein in a dose-effect study

Shigeru Saito

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
The questions as to the increase in zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) contents of kidney and metallothionein in response to cadmium (Cd) injection were examined. Each rat was intraperitoneally injected once with 0.9% NaCl or cadmiun (1, 2 or 3 mg Cd/kg b.w.). After Cd injection, 61.8 – 64.0% of the renal Cd contents, 62.5 – 65.1% of the renal Zn contents and 61.3 – 65.2% of the renal Cu contents were found in the cytosol. The Cd contents in the cytosol and kidneys increased in response to Cd injection. Although the Zn and Cu contents in the cytosol and kidneys of Cd-injected rats were higher than those of control rats, they did not increase in response to Cd injection. The distribution profiles of the renal cytosol of Cd-injected rats on a Sephadex G-75 column showed that the amount of the increased Cd was attributable to the metallothionein (MT) fractions. The Cd concentrations in the MT fractions increased in response to Cd injection. A dose-dependent increase in the Zn and Cu concentrations of the MT fractions was not observed in kidneys with increasing doses of Cd. These results indicated that Cd injection could influence Zn and Cu concentrations in rat kidneys and in the MT fractions.Correspondence to:
Dr. Shigeru Saito
Shinkotoni 8 jo 4 tyoume 2-27, kita-ku,
Sapporo 001-0908, Japan
Email: ssaito@hyper.ocn.ne.jp

Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 29 – No. 1/2012 (59-64)

Trace elements (copper, zinc and selenium) in acute COPD exacerbation

Ural Koç¹, Demet Karnak², Güzin Ö. Kavas³ and Oya Kayacan²

¹Medical School, Phase VI, ²Department of Chest Diseases and ³Department of Pathophysiology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
Objectives: COPD is one of the major health problems deteriorating the health status of the subject. Serum levels of the trace elements are influenced by inflammation. This study was conducted to determine their serum levels in COPD acute exacerbations. Material and methods: 30 COPD patients (according to GOLD’06 criteria) with acute exacerbations (M/F: 18/12; mean age 68.8 ± 9.5 y) and 20 healthy subjects (M/F: 12/8; mean age: 65.5 ± 11.3 y) were studied. Trace elements in the sera of study and control subjects were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. After 6 – 8 weeks of exacerbation, trace elements were remeasured in COPD subjects in the stable period. Results: In COPD patients serum copper level in stable period (121.5 ± 23.5 μg/dl) was significantly higher than that of acute exacerbation (107.5 ± 20.8 μg/dl) (p < 0.01). Serum copper and selenium levels were higher as compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.01). However, serum zinc level was higher in healthy controls as compared to only stable period of COPD patients (p < 0.05). A positive correlation between serum copper level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate; and leukocyte count (p < 0.05, r: 0.5; p < 0.05, r: 0.4) were observed. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that elevation of copper and selenium may indicate the chronic inflammation in stable COPD whereas decreased levels of copper in acute phase may show the consumption. Serum zinc level was observed higher in controls than that of COPD, reflecting again chronic inflammation and consumption together. These trace elements have key roles in inflammation and these results should be supported by further large scaled studies.Correspondence to:
Prof. Demet Karnak, MD, FCCP
Ankara University
Faculty of Medicine
Chest Diseases Department
06100 Cebeci-Ankara, Turkey
Email: karnak@medicine.ankara.edu.tr

Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 29 – No. 1/2012 (65-71)

Prolonged periodic fluid redistribution effect on muscle sodium in healthy subjects during hypokinesia

Yan G. Zorbas¹, Victor A. Deogenov², Yuri F. Federenko¹ and Pavel L. Merkov²

¹Hypokinetic Biochemistry Institute and ²Hypokinetic Physiology Institute, Athens, Greece
Objective: Data has shown that prolonged fluid shifting upwards periodically is not sensed by the baroreceptors as excessive fluid volume and the excretion mechanisms are not activated. The reverse fluid volume regulating reflex may be involved. To determine whether the periodic fluid redistribution over 1 year and at least 8 h/d affects sodium (Na⁺) depots during hypokinesia (HK) we measured muscle Na⁺ content, plasma Na⁺ level and Na⁺ losses. Methods: Studies were conducted on 30 healthy male volunteers during the pre-experimental and experimental period. They were equally divided into three-groups: active control subjects (ACS), hypokinetic subjects (HKS) and periodic fluid redistribution hypokinetic subjects (PFRHS). Results: In the PFRHS group the muscle Na⁺ content increased (p < 0.05) and plasma Na⁺ level and Na⁺ losses in urine and feces decreased (p < 0.05) compare to the HKS group. By contrast in the HKS group muscle Na⁺ level decreased (p < 0.05) and plasma Na⁺ level and Na⁺ losses increased (p < 0.05) compared to their pre-experimental levels and values in their respective ACS group. Conclusion: The current study shows that the chronic periodic fluid redistribution increases muscle Na⁺ level and decreases Na⁺ losses suggesting that prolonged periodic fluid redistribution improves Na⁺ deposition increases muscle Na⁺ content and decreases Na⁺ losses.Correspondence to:
Yan G. Zorbas, MD
European Foundation of Environmental Sciences
Odos Agias Sophias 81
162 32 Athens, Greece
Email: yzorbas@gmail.com

Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 29 – No. 1/2012 (72-77)

Chromium-induced hearing loss in rats and the protective effect of copper and manganese

Ke Zhan, Shurong Wu, Xiaokang Ji, Ning Li, Jiang Yu and Xibao Gao

School of Public Health of Shandong University, Jinan Shandong, P.R. of China
Objective: To study the auditory changes caused by chromium and the possible antagonistic effects of copper and manganese against these changes. Material and method: 20 male and 20 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (control group, Cr poisoning group, and Cu or Mn protective group). After 30d raising, the auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were performed and the level of element Cr in the rat serum was determined. Results: Exposure of rats to K₂Cr₂O₇ provoked auditory damages with the flatness of the ABR waves and a significant prolongation of I and II latencies in ABR waves (p < 0.05). These ABR changes were significantly attenuated in rats of the protective groups. The peaks of ABR waves in the poisoning group were obviously reduced compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The two protective groups showed different recoveries compared with the poisoning group in the wave peaks and the wave latencies. The concentration of serum Cr in the poisoning group (0.3780 mg/l) was about 2.38 times the control group (0.1586 mg/l) and 1.56 and 1.28 times the protective group respectively. Conclusions: Chromium toxicity made certain damages to the auditory function of rats. The hearing function of copper and manganese protective groups obtained a certain restoration.Correspondence to:
Xibao Gao, PhD
School of Public Health of Shandong University
Jinan Shandong 250012, P.R. of China
Email: chem@sdu.edu.cn

Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 29 – No. 1/2012 (78-82)

Effect of selenium on aluminium-induced changes in the translation system in mouse liver in vivo

Dale Viezeliene¹,², Hiliaras Rodovicius³ and Leonid Ivanov¹,²

¹Department of Biochemistry, ²Institute for Biomedical Research, and ³Department of Drug Chemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the possible protective effect of selenium against aluminium toxicity by investigating the protein synthesis system of mouse liver after short-term (16 h) exposure to aluminium in vivo. Methods: Experiments were done on male white laboratory mice BALB/c using i.p. injections of 0.5 LD₅₀ AlCl₃ solution (25 mg Al³⁺ per kg of body mass) or/and Na₂SeO₃ 0.15 LD₅₀ Na₂SeO₃ solution (1.25 mg Se per kg of body mass). For measurement of protein synthesis [¹⁴C]-leucine was injected i.p. 1 h before termination. Intensity of protein synthesis in mouse liver was evaluated by incorporation of [¹⁴C]-leucine into newly synthesized proteins and peptides. Activities of tRNA^Leu and leucil-tRNA synthetase were measured in aminoacylation reaction using [¹⁴C]-leucine. Results: At 16 h after injection of AlCl₃ or Na₂SeO₃ solution the protein synthesis intensity in mouse liver increased by 39% and 48%, respectively. Co-exposure to Se + Al also induced an increase in the intensity of the total protein synthesis by 43% that statistically did not differ from the exposure to Al only. Treatment with Al, Se and Se + Al caused a decrease in the acceptor activity of tRNA^Leu by 22%, 11% and 30%, respectively. However, the same ions (Al, Se and Se + Al) induced an increase of leucyl-tRNA synthetase activity in the total preparation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases by 20%, 23% and 21%, respectively. Conclusions: Selenium does not have a protective effect on the mouse liver total protein synthesis and the translation apparatus components that were affected by aluminium ions.Correspondence to:
Dr. Dale Viezeliene
Department of Biochemistry
Medical Academy
Lithuanian University of Health Sciences
Mickeviciaus 9, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
Email: daleveze@med.kmu.lt

Abstract

Myeloperoxidase in chronic kidney disease

Caterina Carollo, Rosalia Lo Presti and Gregorio Caimi

Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Policlinico, Palermo, Italy
Correspondence to:
Dr. Caterina Carollo
Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialistica Università di Palermo
Policlinico – Via del Vespro 129
90127 Palermo, Italy
Email: caterinacarollo@unipa.it

Abstract

Seyffart’s Directory of Drug Dosage in Kidney Disease

F. Keller

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Volume 29, No. 1/2012(1st Quarter)