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Abstract

Electrolytes and sports – special role of magnesium

Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 27 – No. 3/2010 (103-109)

Interdependencies of electrolyte- and metabolic parameters can characterize handicaps and predict success probability in sports

S. Porta¹,², K. Pichlkastner³, H.Gell³, W. Desch⁴, W. Schappacher⁴, J. Porta⁵ and M.M. Bratu⁶

¹Institute of Applied Stress Research, Bad Radkersburg, ²Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical University, Graz, ³Theresianische Militärakademie, Wiener Neustadt, ⁴Institute of Mathematics and Scientific Computing, Karl Franzens University, Graz, ⁵Department of Surgery, Landeskrankenhaus Hainburg, Niederösterreich, Austria, and ⁶Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania
Out of 100 ml of capillary blood of 28 ensigns of the Theresianische Militärakademie ionized Mg, ionized potassium, pH and basexcess, pCO₂ and HCO₃ was determined with a CCX device (NOVA Biomedical) and CSA Software (PLK, Judendorf – Strassengel, AUSTRIA). 14 ensigns had to perform a military steeplechase (obstacle race), already partly reported earlier [1], the other 14 participants absolved a combined sports activity consisting of running and swimming contests. Blood sampling and determination was done before and after the performance in both groups. Also both groups showed a highly significant negative correlation between pH and K before sports, while at the same time pH/Mg correlation were positive before steeplechase and negative before combined sports. Negative pH/Mg correlations are mostly consistent with already agitated situations, which, in the case of combined sports was indeed the case because about 30 minutes of shivering due to a sharp fall in temperature was evident. Correlations with K and awarded scores showed that in the shivering group the participants with relatively highest K and lowest pH basally had the best chances for high scoring, while in the much less agitated first group the reaction was opposite. Thus, by correlative characterizing basal situations appropriate steps can be taken in time. The same correlation characterizes the ranking of each single participant within the peculiar situation of the group. This ranking seems to be connected with their chances of scoring in the subsequent sports. Moreover, possible outliers can be identified before performance or deployment.Correspondence to:
S. Porta, PhD
Institute of Pathophysiology
Center for Molecular Medicine
Medical University of Graz
Heinrichstrasse 31a
8010 Graz, Austria
Email: stresscenter@netway.at

Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 27 – No. 3/2010 (110-114)

Determination of zinc and lead in human hair by atomic absorption spectrometry after digestion with tetramethylammonium hydroxide and conventional methods

S. Dogan and F.N. Dincer Kaya

Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
Various digestion methods were compared for determination of zinc and lead in human hair by atomic absorption spectroscopy. For the digestion of hair samples, alkaline digestion in tetramethylammonium hydroxide was used in addition to conventional acidic digestion methods like dry ashing, wet ashing and microwave digestion in acid. The accuracy of the methods was tested by certified standard reference material, CRM BCR-397 human hair. According to the statistical evaluation of the results, there are no significant differences between the four digestion methods. Relative errors of the certified value of CRM BCR-397 were less than 10% except for the tetramethylammonium hydroxide digestion method.Correspondence to:
Dr. F.N. Dinçer Kaya, PhD, Assist. Prof.
Mersin University
Faculty of Pharmacy
Department of Analytical Chemistry
Yenisehir Kampusu 33169, Mersin, Turkey
Email: fdincer@mersin.edu.tr

Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 27 – No. 3/2010 (115-118)

The selected iron management parameters in STZ-induced diabetic rats

Z. Krejpcio¹ and R.W. Wójciak¹,²

¹Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznan University of Life Sciences, and ²Department of Clinical Psychology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
Background/aims: There is evidence that streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in experimental rats alters trace mineral balance as a result of disturbances in pancreatic function. The elevation of intracellular iron levels leads to anemia. Anemia is common in diabetes, potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of diabetes complications. In this study we evaluated the concentrations of iron in the testis, pancreas, heart, spleen, kidney, liver, and femoral bone and selected iron management parameters as hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), red blood cells (RBC), acetylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), hemoglobin mass in RBC (MCH), RBC volume (MCV), the mean hemoglobin content in RBC (MCHC), thrombocytes (PLT) of 8 STZ-diabetic male Wistar rats and 8 control rats. Methods: The iron concentration in tissues were measured by FAAS method. The Hb, Hct, RBC, HbA1C, MCH, MCV, MCHC, PLT were evaluated by standard method in certified commercial laboratory. Results: The significant differences between diabetic and healthy rats were found in the bone (p < 0.001) and liver (p < 0.05) iron concentrations (bone: 100.1 ± 25.4 vs. 41.1 ± 11.2 mg/ kg of dry mass, respectively, and liver: 414 ± 79 vs. 335 ± 38 mg/kg of dry mass, respectively) as well as in the PLT level (627 ± 168 vs. 1,071 ± 281 10⁹ l, respectively), MCHC (35.3 ± 0.67 vs. 36.9 ± 0.96 g/dl, respectively), HbA1C (5.5 ± 0.5 vs. 1.9 ± 0.3%, respectively) and Hct (44.7 ± 4.1 vs. 39.1 ± 4.4%, respectively). Conclusions: The alterations in the parameters of Fe-management in STZ-rats suggest that anemia is a common accompaniment to diabetes. This preliminary study should be clarified as results from upcoming controlled studies in patients with diabetes become available in literature.Correspondence to:
Dr. R.W. Wójciak
Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene
Poznan University of Life Sciences
31. Wojska Polskiego Str.
61624 Poznan, Poland
Email: rafwoj@up.poznan.pl

Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 27 – No. 3/2010 (119-124)

Changes in electrolyte and metabolic interactions below the hypomagnesemic threshold in Type 2 diabetics

S. Porta¹,², G. Korisek³, B. Machan³, H. Gaggl³, G. Desch⁴, J. Porta⁵, G. Schappacher⁴ and K. Kisters⁶

¹Institute of Applied Stress Research, Bad Radkersburg, ²Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, ³Rehabilitation Clinique of the AUVA, Tobelbad, ⁴Institute of Mathematics and Scientific Computing, Karl Franzens University, Graz, ⁵LKH Hainburg, Department of Surgery, Hainburg, Austria, and ⁶Medizinische Klinik I, St. Anna Hospital, Herne, Germany
Out of 100 ml of capillary blood of 72 diabetic patients, whose daily glucose profile was routinely checked at 9:00 a.m., 12:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m., ionized Mg and Ca, pCO₂ baseexcess, pH and lactate were simultaneously determined. It turned out that Mg and Ca values as well as baseexcess and pCO₂ values were very low. Correlative analyzes with Mg and the other parameters showed a marked alteration in proportionalities below the hypomagnesemic threshold of 0.45 mmol/l. Below that concentration, the importance of Mg in the Ca/Mg quotient diminished, there was no more significant negative Mg/glucose correlation as has been the case in patients above the threshold and a negative pCO₂/pH correlation was much clearer than in the patients above the hypomagnesemic threshold. We conclude that low magnesium concentrations in diabetics which are uncommonly frequent (about 36% of our patients including 0.45 mmol/l and 25% lower than 0.45 mmol/l) should be given more attention, because those changes in metabolic interdependencies below the 0.45 mmol/l mark are not inconsistent with exhaustive processes.Correspondence to:
S. Porta, PhD
Institut für Pathophysiologie
Zentrum für Molekularmedizin
Medizinische Universität Graz
Heinrichstraße 31a
8010 Graz, Austria
Email: stresscenter@netway.at

Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 27 – No. 3/2010 (125-130)

Effect of iron supplementation on the iron status and the pregnancy outcome in pregnant women in Greece – a prospective study

V. Papatzelou¹, A. Antsaklis², A. Protopappas², K. Sotirakoglou³ and M. Kapsokefalou¹

¹Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, ²Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, “Alexandra” Hospital, Athens, and ³Department of Science, Laboratory of Mathematics and Statistics, Agricultural University of Athens,Athens, Greece
Iron deficiency in pregnancy is associated with consequences for mother and baby; therefore, along with dietary advice, iron supplementation is commonly prescribed. Its effectiveness was investigated in 263 women. Hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin (Hb) were measured bimonthly. On the 12th – 15th week of gestation, 55 women were iron deficient (ID) (Hct %) and 205 were iron adequate (IA) (Hct32%) and were advised to receive 200 or 100 mg iron daily. Women from the ID group remained iron deficient until the end of gestation, while women from the IA group preserved adequate levels of iron. Area of residence or employment did not affect the results. The iron status of the mother did not affect the gestation period or the birth weight of the newborn. These results suggest that, in this group, high iron supplementation was not able to correct iron deficiency during pregnancy and highlights the importance of iron adequacy and proper nutrition before entering pregnancy.Correspondence to:
M. Kapsokefalou
Department of Food Science and Technology
Unit of Human Nutrition
Agricultural University of Athens
Iera Odos 75, Athens, 11855, Greece
Email: kapsok@aua.gr

Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 27 – No. 3/2010 (131-134)

Sensitive assay of sulfite in environmental samples by N-(9-acridinyl)maleimide (NAM) fluorometry

M. Yamaguchi¹, T. Kamata² and H. Meguro¹

¹Department of Health Sciences, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, and ²Jumonji University, Sugasawa, Niiza, Japan
A highly sensitive determination method for sulfite (SO₃^2–) in sediments was developed using HPLC with NAM fluorometry. Sediments were collected in organic matter from the rich coast of Japan in the extraction buffer containing EDTA, which effectively prevented the loss of sulfites by oxidation. Sulfite was labeled with N-(9-acridinyl)maleimide (NAM). The concentration was determined on a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorometer. The concentration range of the determination was 1 – 1,000 pmol on column. The good recovery was obtained by using the buffer solution containing EDTA and deoxygenated redistilled water. The determination required less than 100 mg of sediment.Correspondence to:
M. Yamaguchi
Department of Health Sciences
Tohoku Fukushi University
Sendai, 981-8522, Japan
Email: masato@tfu-mail.tfu.ac.jp

Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 27 – No. 3/2010 (135-139)

Is scalp hair a valid indicator for the assessment of lithium content in the human body?

S. Zaichick¹, V. Zaichick², V. Karandashev³, S. Ermidou-Pollet⁴ and S. Pollet⁴

¹Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA, ²Medical Radiological Research Center of RAMS, Obninsk, ³Institute of Microelectronics Technology and H-P Materials, Chernogolovka, Russia, and ⁴University of Athens, Athens, Greece
On the basis of available evidences, Li has an extraordinarily complex, multifactorial and strongly intercorelated role. As the safety margin between therapeutic and toxic Li doses is very small, its requirements must be accurately determined for the general population and subjects exposed to physical exertion, certain diseases, children, adolescent lactating mother, formula diets and in dialysis patients. Human head hair is a recording filament that can reflect metabolic changes of many elements over long periods of time and thus furnish a print-out of post nutritional events. However, there is a question of reliability of the “hair mineral test”, and the scientific validity of the “body mineral status” estimation using the “hair mineral test” results. Therefore, we determined the normal levels and age-related changes of Li in the scalp hair of healthy women and men - residents of an uncontaminated area and checked correlations between Li contents in hair and rib-bone tissue. Comparison to bone was made because Li has a high affinity to this tissue. Contents of Li in intact scalp hair and rib-bone of 80 relatively healthy 15 – 58 years old women (n = 38) and men (n = 42) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Mean values (M ± SEM) for the mass fraction of Li (milligram per kilogram) in scalp hair of females, males, and females and males taken together were as follows: 0.0221 ± 0.0035, 0.0399 ± 0.0056, and 0.0317 ± 0.0036, respectively. A tendency for an increased Li mass fraction with age was observed in the scalp hair of females only. It was shown that lower Li content was typical of female scalp hair as compared to those in male hair. No clear correlation was found between the Li content in scalp hair and the rib-bone. The results obtained may serve as indicative normal values for the lithium content in human scalp hair.Correspondence to:
V. Zaichick
Medical Radiological Research Center of RAMS
Obninsk, 249020 Russia
Email: vezai@obninsk.com

Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 27 – No. 3/2010 (140-144)

Selenoproteins in the nuclear envelope

A. Graebert, D. Schmidt and A. Kyriakopoulos

Helmholtz Center Berlin for Materials and Energy, Department “Elemental Analytics”, Berlin, Germany
Selenium, an essential trace element in mammals, is incorporated as selenocysteine in selenoproteins. Nutritional deficiency decreases the comprehensive biosynthesis of selenoproteins and leads to pathologic conditions. But genetic modifications can also result in the lack of particular selenoproteins. Many of the already characterized selenoproteins act in the regulation of cellular redox processes. But the biological function of some of these proteins, especially with predicted membrane association, remains unknown until now. The nuclear envelope is an important cell compartment in the action of signaling and traffic control between cytoplasm and nuclear interior. It is still unanswered up to now whether selenoproteins play a role in these pathways. In this work we separated nuclear membrane proteins from hepatoma cells by means of an alternative electrophoretic technique for separating membrane proteins namely two dimensional 16-BAC/SDS-PAGE. By metabolic labeling with 75Se and electrophoresis, the selenoproteome of a nuclear membrane was analysed. In this way three selenoprotein spots could be detected in the nuclear envelopes of JTC-15 cells.Correspondence to:
A. Graebert
Helmholtz Center Berlin for Materials and Energy
Department "Elemental Analytics“
Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1
14109 Berlin, Germany
Email: graebert@helmholtz-berlin.de

Abstract

Trace Elements and Electrolytes, Vol. 27 – No. 3/2010 (145-149)

Characterization of the 15kD – Selenoprotein by HPLC-ICP-MS

J. Bartel, T. Bartz, J. Bartel, D. Schmidt, A. Söte and A. Kyriakopoulos

Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Department “Molecular Trace Element Research in the Life Sciences”, Berlin, Germany
As selenium in the form of selenocystein is the only trace element that is covalently bound to peptides and proteins, selenoproteins might be determined quantitatively by the combination of a chromatographic separation and detection by ICP-MS. The knowledge of their concentration might be useful for investigating relations between well known selenoenzymes (such as the family of glutathione peroxidases) and various diseases (cancer, e.g.) and for studying the function of less characterized selenoproteins. Here we utilized such an assay to determine the amount of the 15kD selenoprotein (SeP15) in the prostate of rats that differed in selenium status and in the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145. We found SeP15 concentrations of 2.07 ng µl^–1 in DU145, 1.02 ng µl^–1 in the cytosol from selenium deficient rats and 4.88 ng µl–1 in selenium adequate prostate. While the differences between an adequate selenium and deficient selenium prostate are consequentially a result of the diet, the low concentration in DU145 might be evidence for the importance of SeP15 in cancer development.Correspondence to:
J. Bartel
Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
Dept. “Molecular Trace Element Research
in the Life Sciences”
Glienicker Strasse 100
14109 Berlin, Germany
Email: jens.bartel@helmholtz-berlin.de

Abstract

7th International Symposium on Trace Elements in Human: New Perspectives, October 13 – 15, 2009, Athens, Greece

Abstract

Blood selenium status in tumor patients: Omnia sunt venena, nihil est sine veneno. Sola dosis facit venenum

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Volume 27, No. 3/2010(3rd Quarter)