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Abstract

K. Kisters

Abstract

A. Lubkowska

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Natural Science of Szczecin University, Szczecin, Poland
Increased physical activity elevates both the body’s demand for energy and for certain elements in the diet. The determination of macro and micro-elements in the body, especially in individuals with such an increased demand, has a significant practical application, especially in the context of published data on the deficiency of bioelements in all the age groups in Polish society. The introduction of new and more sensitive methods into the domain of medical analytics, such as inductively coupled mass spectrometry, enables improved determination of element compositions in biological material. One example is the estimation of element content in hair which has become more and more favored, in both the examination of physiological and pathological states. Hair is a material that is easy to obtain and is relatively stable/durable; its element composition appears to be a good indicator of some characteristics, e.g. nourishment. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of magnesium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, sodium and potassium in the hair of young healthy individuals with increased physical activity. Additionally, correlations were sought between the found concentrations. The study group consisted of 37 young and healthy individuals (12 women and 25 men) aged about 22 years, with an increased physical activity resulting from the character of their studies at the Physical Education Department at the University of Szczecin, Poland. Hair samples were taken from the examined individuals according to a specific procedure in which after mineralization the element composition was determined by ICP (inductively coupled spectrometry). The obtained mean results for the examined elements were as follows, respectively for women and men: Mg = 25.42 µg/g and 21.17 µg/g, Ca = 896.5 µg/g and 622.5µg/g, Fe = 6.98 µg/g and 8.82µg/g, P = 336.3 µg/g and 236µg/g, Na = 74.82 µg/g and 280.44 µg/g , K = 13.52 µg/g and 107.5 µg/g. Statistically significant correlations were observed between sodium and potassium concentrations. Additionally, in women, a positive correlation was observed between the concentration of magnesium and sodium, and in men between calcium and iron.Correspondence to:
Dr. A. Lubkowska
Department of Physiology
Faculty of Natural Science of Szczecin University
al. Piastów 40b, blok 6
71-065 Szczecin, Poland
Email: annalubkowska@tlen.pl

Abstract

Y. Asanuma and T. Nasu

Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Japan
Mn²⁺, at 5 mM, induced a large tension development in isotonic 126 mM K⁺ medium in taenia coli of guinea-pig, although Na⁺ was not contained in the external medium. Trifluoperazine and W-7, a calmodulin inhibitor, and wortmannin, a myosin light chain kinase inhibitor, inhibited dose-dependently both the contraction by 5 mM Mn²⁺ in hypertonic 60 mM K⁺, Na⁺-sufficient medium and in isotonic 126 mM K⁺, Na⁺-deficient medium. This indicates that the primary target of a rise in intracellular Mn²⁺ through voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channels during membrane depolarization with K⁺ is thought to be calmodulin. Thereafter, Mn bound to calmodulin might activate myosin light chain kinase for the initiation of force production in ileal muscle.Correspondence to:
Prof. T. Nasu
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology
Faculty of Agriculture
Yamaguchi University
Yamaguchi 753, Japan
Email: nasu@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp

Abstract

M. Skoczynski and A. Kwasniewska

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine, Lublin, Poland
The main unfavorable effects observed in gestosis include the increased blood pressure with the defective uteroplacental flow. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of isradipine upon fetal vessels resistance experimentally induced, oxygen consumption and oxygen transfer. We completed and devoted our previous perfusion experiments of human placental lobule to the scope of problems concerning placental metabolic activity [Skoczynski et al. 2005]. The research used the experimental model described by Schneider et al. [1972]. Twelve perfusions of the human placental cotyledons were performed. They lasted 120 min each. We obtained constant increase in perfusion pressure from the 60th min of the study. The experiment during which constant, increased perfusion pressure is obtained after administration of stable thromboxane A₂ analogue U46619 seems to imitate vascular motor activity in vivo in preeclampsia. From this moment of study, isradipine was administered along with U46619 into the fetal circulation. Perfusion pressure, oxygen transfer and oxygen consumption were calculated. Isradipine effects upon the feto-placental vessels were evident in the experiment. The drug lowered the experimentally increased perfusion pressure. It also improved the oxygen transfer. The changes of oxygen consumption were occasional. The present studies indicate that oxygen transfer seems to depend on uteroplacental flow. Moreover, physical factors, circulating vasoactive substances may mediate oxygen consumption.Correspondence to:
Dr. M. Skoczynski
Klinika Poloznictwa
ul. Staszica 16
20-081 Lublin, Poland
Email: mskoczynski@wp.pl

Abstract

I. Staneviciene¹,², L. Ivanoviene¹, A. Smalinskiene³, I. Sadauskiene¹,², A. Kasauskas¹ and L. Ivanov¹,²

¹Department of Biochemistry, ²Institute for Biomedical Research and ³Institute of Cardiology, Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas, Lithuania
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate in vivo the subchronic effects of cadmium and zinc ions on translational machinery in mouse liver. Material and methods: Four- to six-week-old outbred mice were used in the experiments. Mice of the experimental groups were given drinking water supplemented by cadmium chloride (2.2 mmoles Cd/l of drinking water) and/or zinc sulphate (7.6 mmoles Zn/l of drinking water) for an 8-week period. Mice of the control group had free access to drinking water. Total tRNAs were isolated using deproteinized extract of liver tissue. Postmitochondrial supernatant was a source of leucyl-tRNA synthetase. Activities of tRNA^Leu and leucyl-tRNA synthetase were measured by an amino acylation reaction using 14C-labeled leucine. Results: Body weight gain of experimental mice as compared to the control group was lower throughout the whole period of Cd intoxication. A decrease in the relative weight index of the kidney was found in the Cd-treated mouse group as compared to the control group. The body weight gain of Zn-treated mice was the same as in control mice during all study, except a small decrease in body weight during the first weeks. Zn²⁺ decreased the relative weight index of the liver. Examination of the summary effect of Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ on body weight gain in mice showed that Zn²⁺, administered together with Cd²⁺, abolished the inhibitory effect of Cd²⁺ on mouse growth. Zn²⁺ also eliminated the decrease in relative weight index of the kidney after intoxication with Cd²⁺. An increase in incorporation of ¹⁴C-labeled leucine into newly synthesized peptides and proteins was detected in the liver, kidney, and heart, as well as increases of RNA^Leu acceptor activity and leucyl-tRNA synthetase activity in the liver of Cd-exposed mice. Examination of the common effect of Zn and Cd ions in vivo showed the protective effect of zinc ions on the translation system in the mouse liver. Conclusion: Under subchronic oral intoxication of mice by cadmium chloride, zinc ions are able to protect the translational machinery in the liver against Cd-induced activation.Correspondence to:
Dr. I. Staneviciene
Institute for Biomedical Research
Kaunas University of Medicine
Eiveniu st. 4
50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
Email: ingija@itc.kmu.lt

Abstract

K. Kisters¹, B. Gremmler², C. Funke¹, M.Q. Nguyen¹ and M. Hausberg³

¹Medizinische Klinik I, St. Anna-Hospital Herne, ²Marienhospital Bottrop, Cardiology, Bottrop, ³Medizinische Klinik I, Städtische Kliniken Karlsruhe, Germany
Decreased intracellular Mg⁺⁺ and increased Ca⁺⁺ concentrations seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of primary hypertension. Of special interest is the smooth muscle cell with its electrolyte metabolism in primary hypertension, but heart muscle cells and their Mg⁺⁺ and Ca⁺⁺ concentrations are also of growing interest. Therefore, in aortic smooth muscle cells and striated heart muscle cells (left ventricle) from 13 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of the Münster strain (systolic blood pressure 188.4 ± 9.8 mmHg) and 13 normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY, systolic blood pressure 118.5 ± 7.2 mmHg) aged 9 months, the intracellular Mg⁺⁺ and Ca⁺⁺ content was measured. Electron probe x-ray microanalysis technique was used to determine intracellular Mg⁺⁺ concentrations (Camscan CS 24, Cambridge, UK). The dry heart (g) to body weight (kg) ratio of the SHR was greater than that for the WKY rats (1.7 ± 0.2 versus 1.1 ± 0.2, p < 0.01), indicating significant hypertrophy of the SHR hearts. The calcium/magnesium ratio in vascular smooth muscle cells was significantly increased in SHR versus WKY (3.56 ± 0.39 versus 22.23 ± 0.27, p < 0.01). The calcium/ magnesium ratio in striated heart muscle cells was 1.65 ± 0.31 SHR versus 1.59 ± 0.24 in WKY (NS).Correspondence to:
Prof. Dr. med. K. Kisters
Medizinische Klinik I
St. Anna-Hospital
Hospitalstraße 19
44649 Herne, Germany
Email: kisters@annahospital.de

Abstract

M. Speziali¹ and M. Di Casa²

¹CNR-IENI Institute for Energetics and Interphases – Department of Pavia, Italy, and ²Department of General Chemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
Objective: An overview on the literature concentration data of copper, iron, zinc and other elements in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Parkinson’s disease patients and paired controls was undertaken; the purposes were to obtain a comprehensive picture of the element levels and to identify their possible increasing or decreasing trends in patients. Data sources. The papers, published from 1990 to 2008, were retrieved through the data bank Medline along with the Personal Alert Service of Thomson Reuters, Philadelphia (PA). Results: The original results available in the literature are scarce, mainly due to the unpleasant drawing of the samples. No significant changes were found for Cu; an opposite trend was detected for Fe, whereas a decrement was sometimes observed for Zn. Of note, the values determined by the various authors for each of these three metals are of different levels. From a careful examination of the considered papers, it emerges that several variables (biological factors regarding controls and patients, clinical variables, analytical methods and statistical data treatments employed) influence the values obtained in each investigation. Conclusions. The inhomogeneity of the previously mentioned variables makes the comparison among the results of the different studies rather problematical. Some indications to make investigations as meaningful as possible can be suggested: every biological and clinical datum regarding each subject enrolled should be reported; the individual concentration values about the single elements should also be shown. In this way, the results of the various trials could constitute a unique database valuable for retrospective studies, like meta-analyses.Correspondence to:
Dr. M. Speziali
CNR-IENI (Institute for Energetics and Interphases)
Department of Pavia
c/o Department of General Chemistry
University of Pavia
Viale Taramelli 12
27100 Pavia, Italy
Email: margherita.speziali@unipv.it

Abstract

S. Porta¹,², H. Gell³, K. Pichlkastner³, G. Cichocki³, W. Desch⁴, W. Schappacher⁴, G. Korisek⁵, P. Grieshofer⁶ and U. Stelbrink¹

¹Institute of Applied Stress Research, Bad Radkersburg, ²Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical University, Graz, ³Theresianische Militärakademie, Wiener Neustadt, ⁴Institute of Mathematics and Scientific Computing, Karl Franzens University, Graz, ⁵Rehabilitation Clinique of the AUVA, Tobelbad, and ⁶Rehabilitation Clinique Judendorf, Strassengel, Austria
Lactate and Mg⁺⁺ were determined from the blood of 14 probands before and after an exhausting military steeplechase of about 3-5 minutes’ duration. It turned out, that Mg⁺⁺ changes not only correlated with lactate changes in a highly significant manner, but also with the running times and the awarded scores in a polynomial curve, so, that subjects with the smallest deviation of blood Mg⁺⁺ had the highest chances of scoring high with shortest running times. Outstanding Mg⁺⁺ increase or decrease during this exhaustive exercise seems to depend largely upon the effort needed to overcome the distance. By pooling information about lactate- and Mg⁺⁺ interaction it also became possible to discern low scorers with high efforts and low scorers with low effort. Moreover, subjects with low Mg⁺⁺ basal levels seemed to have higher chances of disproportionately high lactate increases, typical for low scorers.Correspondence to:
S. Porta, PhD
Institute of Pathophysiology
Center for Molecular Medicine
Medical University of Graz
Heinrichstrasse 31a
8010 Graz, Austria

Email: stresscenter@netway.at

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Volume 26, No. 4/2009(4th Quarter)